- The anesthesia consultant, HOW LONG DOES GENERAL ANESTHESIA LAST? Number of deaths due to anesthetic agents, local anesthesia 0000 (4 100) / 3,751 = 400 / 3,751 = 0.107% At University Hospital, a mother died immediately after delivery. Anesthesiology 2006; 105:108797, Lunn JN, Mushin WW: Mortality associated with anaesthesia. An ongoing dispute between Independent Health and a colonoscopy sedation practice raises questions about who should decide how medical care gets administered and how . Hyperkalemic cardiac arrest can occur in healthy-appearing individuals who have been given succ if that individual has an undiagnosed muscular dystrophy. A direct correlation was found between the patients' ASA score and the death rate: 0.3 percent of fatalities involved ASA 1 and 2 scores. IS IT SAFE TO GIVE BETA-BLOCKERS TO ASTHMATIC PATIENTS? See the reference below: Anesth Analg. During wisdom teeth surgery, the oral surgeon injects local anesthesia which contains adrenaline (epinephrine), and this can cause immediate and temporary heart rhythm problems. Br J Anaesth 1978; 50:10416, Gebbie D: Anaesthesia and death. 2020 Anesthesia Conversion Factors (ZIP) - These are the anesthesia conversion factors used to compute allowable amounts for anesthesia services under CPT codes 00100 to 01999. Chart and table of the World death rate from 1950 to 2023. Intravenous fentanyl is often used for anesthesia and as an analgesic. The event rates were evaluated in 2 time periods: pre-1990 and 1990-2020. Annual anesthesia-related death rates per million population by sex, United States, 19992005. January 18th, 2020 at 5:29 AM . Ill assume your general health (heart, lungs, weight, blood pressure are normal. Regionalanesthesiablocks pain in a larger part of the body, such as an arm or leg, or below the waist. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ANESTHESIOLOGIST OF THE 20TH CENTURY. Anesthesia risks for healthy patients are very low. Doctors use a combination of IV sedation along with local or regionalanesthesiato make you more relaxed and comfortable, but not totally asleep. With the rapid growth of clinical anesthesia services, considering methods for ongoing national surveillance for anesthesia exposure and outcomes is imperative. The American region accounted for the highest number of cases and deaths which was 10 million and 400 thousand respectively [ 13 ]. This limitation can be aggravated when the indicators are applied to hospital discharge data to study anesthesia-related morbidity, because clinical documentation of complications may vary with hospitals and the severity of complications. . Of the 2,211 anesthesia-related deaths, 867 died in hospitals, 348 died in ambulatory care settings as outpatients, 46 died on arrival, 258 died at homes, 44 died in hospice facilities, 315 died at nursing homes or long-term care facilities, 327 died in other places, and for 6, the place of death was unknown. Finally, we based our estimates of death rates on population data and mortality risk on hospital surgical discharges. 3) Anesthesiologists may develop addictions to handle the stress of their job. Deaths related to anesthesia errors were much lessonly 14 deaths out of 184,472 surgeriesa rate of 1 death per 13,176 cases. THE TWO LAWS OF ANESTHESIA (ACCORDING TO SURGEONS), TOXIC MARIJUANA SYNDROME YOUVE NEVER HEARD OF: CANNABINOID HYPEREMESIS SYNDROME. The estimated mortality risk from anesthesia complications for inpatients was 8.2 (867/105.7 [95% confidence interval, 7.49.0]) deaths per million hospital surgical discharges (11.7 [95% confidence interval, 10.313.1] for men and 6.2 [95% confidence interval 5.57.0] for women). WAS JUSTICE ANTONIN SCALIAS DEATH FROM OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA? INTRAVENOUS ACETAMINOPHEN: AN IMPORTANT NON-OPIOID THERAPY, OR AN EXORBITANTLY PRICED VERSION OF AN OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATION? According to the chart which lists the CDC, Census data and USA TODAY as sources at. Patients receiving a smaller dosage may also still be able to talk with medical staffduring their procedure. Males had higher death rates than females throughout the life span, and the gap between sexes was especially pronounced in young and middle-age adults (fig. Edited by the Committee for the Workshop on the Medicolegal Death Investigation System. DR. NOVAKS DEBUT NOVEL: THE DOCTOR AND MR. DYLAN, STARTING A COMPANY: THE PHYSICIAN ENTREPRENEUR, APRIL 2014 LETHAL INJECTION IN OKLAHOMA AN ANESTHESIOLOGISTS VIEW, HOW TO SCREEN OUTPATIENTS PRIOR TO SURGERY, 10 WAYS PRIVATE PRACTICE ANESTHESIA DIFFERS FROM ACADEMIC ANESTHESIA, HOW DOES A HEROIN OVERDOSE KILL? As of January 2020, the rate across all hospitals was 6.2 per 10,000 procedures (0.062%, 5.8-6.7), representing a 16% reduction. dry mouth. Lagasse presented data on surgical mortality from two academic New York hospitals between the years 1992 and 1999. 6 Sore Throat Remedies That Actually Work, Generalanesthesiais what many people think of when they think ofanesthesiaandsleeping. WHAT WENT WRONG? i am thinking of removing the screw Im just scared to go under again was thinking of just getting local and stay awake thru it would love your opinion. . WHAT ONE QUESTION SHOULD YOU ASK TO DETERMINE IF A PATIENT IS ACUTELY ILL? WHEN IS THE END OF THE COVID SURGE IN YOUR STATE? doc does not do endoscopy on patients in their 80s, with the exception of a bleed. There are risks to sedation for an upper GI endoscopy, but the risks are less than that of general anesthesia for a surgical procedure. After that problems accurred with my heart . Anesthesiol Clin North America 2003; 21:41743, Institute of Medicine: To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System. Since bottles are no longer sterilized this way, that risk is gone. 2005 Jan;100(1):4-10. Health Serv Res 2001; 36:11032, Romano PS, Geppert JJ, Davies S, Miller MR, Elixhauser A, McDonald KM: A national profile of patient safety in U.S. hospitals. Albany, New York, WHO Publications Center, 2008, pp 510, DeFrances CJ, Hall MJ: 2005 National Hospital Discharge Survey. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Blood loss is one of the main complications of this treatment. SHOULD YOU CANCEL SURGERY FOR A BLOOD PRESSURE OF 170/99? It says the average death rate is 0.8%, though from 2017 to 2019 the death rate is listed as 0.9%. Ann Surg 1944; 119:9548, Waters RM, Gillespie NA: Deaths in the operating room. In 2020, approximately 3,358,814 deaths occurred in the United States. There are risks of bleeding or breathing problems, but in competent hands you can expect to do well. In the United States, however, 700 women die each year as a result of pregnancy or delivery complications. Among the other findings: complication rates were not higher among patients who had evening or holiday procedures; patients older than 50 had the highest rates of serious complications; and healthier patients having elective daytime surgery had the highest rates of minor complications. Since the 1980s, the Association of Anaesthetists has produced documentation relating to the management of a malignant hyperthermia (MH) crisis that was designed to be printed and laminated for display in anaesthetic rooms/theatres: the last iteration was produced in 2011 [ 1] and requires updating. Good luck. Richard Novak, MD is a Stanford physician board certified in anesthesiology and internal medicine.Dr. WHAT IF THE TRACHEAL TUBE FALLS OUT WHEN THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST AND THE ANESTHESIA MACHINE ARE AT THE PATIENTS FEET? There are some studies however that report a much lower mortality rate. Perioperative morbidity and mortality related to anesthesia involves multiple factors. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. It is likely that the case definition we used in this study may have missed a portion of anesthesia-related mortality, particularly those deaths in which complications and adverse events of anesthesia/anesthetics played only a contributory role. Therefore the information on this website or on the linked websites should not be considered current, complete or exhaustive, nor should you rely on such information to recommend a course of treatment for you or any other individual. A PREOPERATIVE ANESTHESIA CLINIC: DO YOU NEED ONE? Intramedullary nailing (IMN) is one of the most frequently used ortho-pedic treatments for eFNF. AnesthesiologistChristopher Troianos, MD, offers some insights to help separate fact from fiction. Based on their study results, Beecher and Todd estimated that the annual number of anesthesia-related deaths in the United States was more than 5,100, or 3.3 deaths per 100,000 population, which was more than twice the mortality attributable to poliomyelitis at that time. A Spanish study 1 evaluated over 2,000 dogs that underwent anesthesia. Anesthesia is very safe This is true nowadays, but wasn't always the case, Dr. Troianos says. NY State J Med 1956; 56:2305, Aitkenhead AR: Injuries associated with anesthesia: A global perspective. Anesthetic management and one-year mortality after noncardiac surgery. The shortage of physician anesthesiologists has led to task-shifting to nurses and technicians as the most feasible workforce alternative in many LMICs ( Hoyler and others 2014 ; Rosseel and others 2010 ). FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS ON THE FRONT LINES AGAINST COVID-19, THE ELEPHANT AND THE HOUSE CAT . The most popular posts for laypeople on The Anesthesia Consultant include: How Long Will It Take To Wake Up From General Anesthesia? My potential surgeon informed me that the sedation Id receive for this procedure is more of a deep sleep. My youngest is now 2 and husband recently got a vasectomy. It helps make sure the breathing tube used for generalanesthesiagoes into the trachea (windpipe) and not the esophagus something that was more difficult to determine in the past. DOES AN ANESTHESIOLOGIST NEED A STETHOSCOPE? HOW COMMON ARE CARDIAC ARRESTS DURING SURGERY AND ANESTHESIA? Trust your anesthesiologist, and youll do great. The information included on this site is for educational purposes only. i am getting anesthesia on Friday and i am really worried i wont wake up! Her gastroenterologist will not discuss the anesthesia risks. HOW DOES THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST DECIDE WHAT DOSE OF ANESTHETIC TO GIVE A PATIENT? Prospective studies are few, and comparison between them is difficult because of the use of different definitions of anaesthesia related death. Anesthesiologists have an important role in the anesthesia management in patients with COVID-19 utilization and require airway management. The Anesthesia Consultant website is not designed to and does not provide medical advice, professional diagnosis, opinion, treatment or services to you or to any other individual. Yours is a common and safe procedure, with minimal surgery and anesthesia risks. Results From a total of 921 patients, 539 (58.5%) were male and 382 (41.5%) female patients. CODE BLUE WHEN AN ANESTHESIOLOGIST PREMATURELY DEPARTS A FREESTANDING SURGERY CENTER, THE MINI-COG: COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND SURGICAL OUTCOME, ANESTHESIOLOGISTS: BEFORE YOU ADVANCE THAT NEEDLE . My surgery will be done with an IV & local. CAN YOU LEAVE YOUR ANESTHETIZED PATIENT IN AN EMERGENCY? LOSING YOUR RELIGION, PREANESTHESIA CLEARANCE: TWO QUESTIONS FOR PRIMARY CARE DOCTORS, THEANESTHESIACONSULTANT HITS ONE MILLION VIEWS MARCH 2, 2017, 12 TIPS ON BECOMING AN OUTSTANDING ANESTHESIOLOGIST. Do you wonder about the risks? ( Wais Vogelstein Forman, 2014) Although some medical malpractice cases involve minor injuries, 80% of cases are related to severe patient injuries or deaths. Prior to 1970, 357 people per million surgeries died from receiving anesthetic, according to the study. ANESTHESIOLOGISTS? Sedation, hypnosis, and tranquilization are frequently used terms when discussing anesthesia, but are specific terms separate from the 4 main general anesthesia components. ANESTHESIA FACTS FOR LAYPEOPLE: TYPES OF ANESTHESIA, AMBULATORY SURGERY AND THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST: HOW TO BE EFFICIENT IN THE OPERATING ROOM. After a 10-yr hiatus, the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery from the National Center for Health Statistics was fielded in 2006 with updates to reflect the changing environment in ambulatory surgery. The authors analyzed 2,866,141 cases and 944 deaths (crude mortality rate, 33 per 100,000). The linked websites may contain text, graphics, images or information that you find offensive (e.g., sexually explicit). In previous studies,6,18anesthesia-related deaths were usually divided into two groups based on clinical judgment: deaths caused primarily by anesthesia and deaths in which anesthesia played a partial role. The patient should have a preoperative assessment of her health by her primary care doctor, and then the gastroenterologist should give an informed consent regarding the risks vs. benefits of having the endoscopy done. This was followed by a slight increase in 2020, with 16,416 reported deaths. Fig. Blood pressure and heart function problems. Colonoscopy( IBS-C) . ADVICE FOR LAYPEOPLE: HOW TO MAKE YOUR ANESTHETIC SAFER, ADVICE FOR PASSING ANESTHESIA ORAL BOARD EXAMS, ANESTHESIA EXPERT WITNESS CONSULTATION RICHARD NOVAK, MD, ANESTHESIA FACTS FOR NON-MEDICAL PEOPLE: ANESTHESIA MEDICATIONS. Table 2. The records for these anesthesia-related deaths served as the mortality data for this study. Medical information changes constantly. There are 4 main general anesthesia components: unconsciousness, amnesia, immobility/muscle relaxation, and analgesia. . We designed a prospective observational study of adult patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia to determine if mortality in the first year after surgery is associated with demographic, preoperative clinical, surgical, or intraoperative variables. Over the past two decades, maternal mortality rates have declined around the world. Number of deaths per year since 2000 (including the full year 2000) under GA for dental procedures, either under the care of the Public Dental Service (PDS) or Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) The age of the patients that died. As a matter of fact, not only have errors become relatively uncommon, but experts say anesthesia is one of the safest areas of health care today. A CAUTIONARY TALE, LOOKING FOR A NEW ANESTHESIA JOB? WHAT CAN WE DO? WHICH ANESTHESIA FELLOWSHIPS ARE MOST POPULAR? The risk of death solely attributable to anesthesia is approximately 1 in 185,000 according to anesthesia textbooks. AUTISM AND EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA FOR CHILDBIRTH, WHAT ANESTHESIOLOGISTS DO AN EXAMPLE ANESTHETIC. Some anesthesia numbs a small area of the body. . Using the ICD-10 codes listed in table 1and the multiple-cause-of-death data files for the years 19992005, we identified anesthesia-related deaths. Complications of anesthesia during labor and delivery and systemic complications, such as malignant hyperthermia due to anesthesia, are not included. . Because mortality is considered "hard" data, it's possible to do time-trend analysis and compute percent changes over time. The patients. In the advent of new anesthesia techniques, drugs, and enhanced training, anesthesia mortality risk has declined from approximately 1 death in 1000 anesthesia procedures in the 1940s to 1 in 10,000 in the 1970s and to 1 in 100,000 in the 1990s and early 2000s.1518, It is noteworthy that contemporary estimates of anesthesia mortality risk are based on studies conducted in Europe, Japan, and Australia.1720The paucity of anesthesia mortality studies in the United States in recent years is compounded by several factors. A death rate is a ratio between mortality and population. Methods of evaluating anesthetic mortality are inexact and controversial. An anesthesiologist weighs in on why you shouldn't be afraid. Especially, at her advanced age. It's due to the fact that more and more older patients are being operated on," says Dr. Andr Gottschalk, author of . The details of the causes of mortality are presented in Table 2. THE ART OF ANESTHESIAA NEW TEXTBOOK, HIGHLY RECOMMENDED, DENTAL ANESTHESIA DEATHS . Annual in-hospital anesthesia-related death rates per million hospital surgical discharges and 95% confidence intervals by age, United States, 19992005. Anesthesia. MYOCARDIAL INJURY AFTER NONCARDIAC SURGERY . It is performed by an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist, a specially trained doctor or. AN ANESTHESIOLOGISTS OPINION. Deaths solely due to. Science does not support this claim., Lagasse compared anesthesia to the aviation industry: The safety of airline travel, for example, has increased dramatically in this century, but since the 1960s there has been minimal improvement in fatality rates. In 2002, anesthesiologist Dr. Robert S. Lagasse of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York published a study in Anesthesiology, the specialtys leading journal, which challenged the Institute of Medicine report. Age-adjusted death rates Leading causes of death Sex Age Years 2010-2021: Detailed views of single-year mortality data: Number of deaths. The results are being presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2014 annual meeting. Why Did Take Me So Long To Wake From General Anesthesia? Your opinion is greatly appreciated! The most common minor complication was nausea and vomiting (nearly 36 percent) and the most common major complication was medication error (nearly 12 percent). For a healthy person having planned surgery, around 1 person may die for every 100,000 general anaesthetics given. The new finding in this 2015 publication was that surgeries which began late in the day or night (after 4 p.m. until 6:59 a.m.) had increased mortality. You are healthy and young. Alcohol can cause nerve damage. Second, there is not an established national surveillance data system for monitoring anesthesia mortality. Of course I know nothing of your age and general medical health, but the anesthetic for a screw removal should be brief. Dividing the mortality by the population results in a crude death rate. Conn Med 1959; 23:5128, Minuck M: Death in the operating room. We do see endoscopy sedation given to 85-year-olds for upper GI endoscopy. Washington, D.C., The National Academies Press, 2003, pp 402, Albertsen PC, Walters S, Hanley JA: A comparison of cause of death determination in men previously diagnosed with prostate cancer who died in 1985 or 1995. THE FUTURE: NURSE ANESTHETISTS OR M.D. This is temporary for most patients but for others these symptoms may persist for a few months after surgery.. HILARIOUS GUFFAW-OUT-LOUD MEDICAL SATIRE BY TWO STANFORD PROFESSORS. You will have significant pain postoperatively, which is universal after this surgery. CHECK OUT BLOCHEALTH.COM, AVOIDING PREVENTABLE ERRORS IN ANESTHESIA 14 TIPS, 11 THINGS YOU CAN DO TO MAKE YOUR ANESTHETIC SAFER, 11 MEDICAL INACCURACIES IN FAMOUS MOVIE SCENES . Also, i have another question Once i get older will my risk of complications increase if i need to get administer for anesthesia for a 5th time. From your description, it sounds like your father may have either had masseter spasm or a hyperkalemia cardiac arrest from succ. I will have surgery of the soft palate as i am snoring badly. I broke my leg in may playing soccer was at the end of a bad challenge from a dirty player anyways I had the bottom tibial screws removed in august however I have one left at the top of my tibia and the rods probably in there for life. Stand 56 and weigh 162. These codes were identified by screening all the chapters of ICD-10 and informed by a thorough review of the research literature pertaining to anesthesia mortality and ICD. my husband is worried I wont wake up, my surgery will be performed at a hospital. The rocuronium concentrations in a passenger would be an incidental finding unrelated to the accident or to his death. NEW ANESTHESIOLOGY GRADUATES NEED TO KNOW _______. This may be due to the effect that improved safety technology has had on air traffic density. The majority (54.9%) of the decedents were aged 2554 yr. That was 10 years ago, my tummy tuck was destroyed due to my last pregnancy plus the previous surgeon left me with a horrible looking scarred belly button and my scar is too high. You should also ask your physician or other healthcare provider to assist you in interpreting any information in this Site or in the linked websites, or in applying the information to your individual case. ANESTHESIA FACTS FOR NON-MEDICAL PEOPLE: WHAT IS MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA? The most common example is an epidural, which blocks painaround the uterusduring. PROPOFOL AND MICHAEL JACKSON IS PROPOFOL SAFE? Estonia has the highest rate of 3-methylfentanyl overdose deaths in the EU, due to its high rate of recreational use. I believe they are performing arthroscopic surgery but unsure of what type of anesthesia I should have and want to be safe. , clearer instructions for data reporting and processing, more timely filing of amendments, electronic death registration, querying the states about specific data items).39Nevertheless, the validity and reliability of the multiple-cause-of-death data remain a concern. We grouped the identified ICD-10 codes into four categories: (1) complications of anesthesia during pregnancy, labor, and puerperium; (2) overdose of anesthetics (exclusive of abuse of these substances); (3) adverse effects of anesthetics in therapeutic use; and (4) other complications of anesthesia in surgical and medical care (table 1). Technology has made it possible to meet production pressures of the commercial airline industry by allowing more takeoffs and landings with less separation between aircraft. At your age, there is no data that multiple general anesthetics will affect you in any negative way. Now its more like one in every 200,000 patients its very rare.. The year 2020 has been abnormal for mortalities. IS IT SAFE FOR PATIENTS? HERBAL MEDICINES, SURGERY, AND ANESTHESIA. In the past decade, the National Center for Health Statistics implemented a series of interventional programs (e.g. General anesthesia (GA) is the state produced when a patient receives medications to produce amnesia and analgesia with or without reversible muscle paralysis. . Its mainly used for shorter, less complex surgeries like colonoscopies, biopsies, eye and foot procedures. The highest death rates were found in persons aged 85 yr and older. These associations suggest that intraoperative anesthetic management may affect outcomes over longer time periods than previously appreciated.. For both sexes, the lowest rate was found in children aged 514 yr, and the highest rate was found in those aged 85 yr or older. We usually tell people not to make any major life decisions or drive a car or operate machinery for the first 24 hours after surgery, Dr. Troianos says. Allergic reaction to the anesthesia. What Are the Anesthesia Risks For Children? 56, 138lbs, atheletic and healthy. The anesthesia base units are unchanged for CY 2020. You will receive pain relievers IV to reduce the pain. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. National estimates of hospital surgical discharges for the study period were generated from the National Hospital Discharge Survey using the defined surgical procedural codes28and were used as a proxy measure of exposure to anesthesia among hospital inpatients. Detailed Description: PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA: WHO IS ANESTHETIZING YOUR CHILD? The death rate varied with age (fig. The recent Ethics Rounds: Death After Pediatric Dental Anesthesia: an Avoidable Tragedy? Top 10 Countries with the Highest Death Rates (per 1,000 people) United Nations 2015-2020: Bulgaria 15.4 Ukraine 15.2 Latvia 14.6 Lesotho 14.3 Lithuania 13.6 Serbia 13.2 Croatia 13.1 Romania 13.0 Georgia 12.8 Russia 12.7 1. Novak is an Adjunct Clinical Professor in the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine at Stanford University, the Medical Director at Waverley Surgery Center in Palo Alto, California, and a member of the Associated Anesthesiologists Medical Group in Palo Alto, California. Please would like to hear your ideas. Am J Public Health 1990; 80:86971, Fleisher LA, Pasternak LR, Lyles A: A novel index of elevated risk of inpatient hospital admission immediately following outpatient surgery. The decrease in life expectancy was 1.67 years . DOES REPEATED GENERAL ANESTHESIA HARM THE BRAINS OF INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN? I went to see a new plastic surgeon and he advised me I would need another tummy tuck and lipo for the flanks plus if I liked I could increase the size of my breasts. Our study found that 42.5% of anesthesia-related deaths were attributable to adverse effects of anesthetics in therapeutic use. When I was young, they did not want to test me because his reaction caused severe reactions like lockjaw and cardiac arrest. In this report, the Committee on Quality of Health Care in America stated that, anesthesia is an area in which very impressive improvements in safety have been made. The Committee cited anesthesia mortality rates that decreased from 1 death per 5,000 anesthetics administered during the 1980s, to 1 death per 200,000-300,000 anesthetics administered in 1999. . Anesthesia-related deaths were operationally defined as deaths that included one of the anesthesia-related codes (table 1) as the underlying cause of death or included at least one anesthesia-related code as a listed cause among the multiple causes of death. Specifically, deaths from complications of anesthesia during pregnancy, labor, and puerperium are confined to women of reproductive age; therefore, the mortality risk should be estimated using age- and sex-appropriate denominator data. Talking with your doctor ahead of time will identify any risks and willguidethe best type ofanesthesiafor you. In addition, it is possible that some deaths that occurred outside of hospitals may have been related to complications from inpatient anesthesia. I am taking Nexium 20mg/day. Can Anaesth Soc J 1986; 33:33644, Arbous MS, Grobbee DE, van Kleef JW, de Lange JJ, Spoormans HH, Touw P, Werner FM, Meursing AEE: Mortality associated with anaesthesia: A qualitative analysis to identify risk factors. Little is known about the effect of anesthetic management on long-term outcomes. ANESTHESIA PATIENT QUESTION: HOW DOES MY SLEEP APNEA AFFECT MY RISKS FOR SURGERY? I am having knee surgery to repair an all and remove meniscus portions. . . Eleven studies including 719,273 anesthetic procedures, 962 perioperative CAs, 134 anesthesia-related CAs, 1,239 perioperative deaths and 29 anesthesia-related deaths were included.
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